A Study On Rites Of Passage - 1803 Words

The purpose of this document is to support and underpin the corresponding year eight scheme of work on rites of passage, noting the process of creation from start to completion. It will detail what I have taken into account when choosing the content and learning outcomes; address the incorporation of key skills such as ICT, numeracy and literacy; clarify why some of the learning activities and resources I have utilised were chosen; illustrate how I intend to embrace differentiation; explain how assessment will encourage and monitor learning development. It was essential to begin the process of creating the scheme of work by researching the syllabus requirements at key stage three, giving consideration to the learning that should have taken place at key stage two. It says: â€Å"Spiritual, moral, cultural, mental and physical developments are essential aspects of religious education and should be clearly identifiable† (Welsh Assembly Government, 2008, 10). Alongside these aspects of religion, the syllabus also demands learners are given opportunities to develop a skills range by engaging with the world, human experience and a search for meaning (Welsh Assembly Government, 2008, 20-21). I was able to provide opportunities to develop this skills range through inclusion of the essential aspects. Learners are provided with opportunities to cultivate an appreciation of the world through physical, mental and cultural means. They are given chances to explore human experience throughShow MoreRelatedA Research Study On Howling Ritual By Van Gennep s Theory On Rites Of Passage1987 Words   |  8 Pagestradition, that takes place on the night of the first full moon of every school year. It is organized by the second years. In this study, inspired by my observations as a participant in the ritual and the following conversations I had with students, I will explore the social function of the â€Å"Howling Ritual† using anthropologist Van G ennep’s theory on rites of passage. RESEARCH TECHNIQUES I decided to use qualitative methods to obtain data for my investigation, since I thought they would allowRead MoreHow Boys Become Men:A Rites Of Passage For African-American1387 Words   |  6 Pages How Boys Become Men: A Rites of Passage for African-American Boys Adolescence can be the most crucial part of a person’s development. It is the time of transition into adulthood. The experiences gathered this time of a person’s life have lasting effects that linger long into adulthood. Proper guidance and support during this time is a person’s life is essential to ensuring that the person is able to become a successful adult in society. However, many African-American youth are lacking this typeRead MoreEssay on Rites of Passage1580 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Rites of Passage Although there are many different types of rites of passage they differ in many ways, some much more extreme than the others. There are so many different cultures that have a ton of different ways of expressing rites of passage. The three different cultures that will be discussed are the United States of America, Malaysian, and Balinese adolescents. Some of the things that will be discussed are the different forms of rites of passage, the different ages thatRead MoreGraduation Speech : A Rite Of Passage1527 Words   |  7 Pagesconsidered a rite of passage. Often, Americans couple graduation with a celebration of opening a new chapter of their life. Specifically, transitioning from a high school student to a graduate. In this essay I will explain what a rite of passage is and what graduation is. Also, I will discuss how graduation is approached as a rite of passage in my culture, and what celebration in regards to graduation looks like and means to many. Almost all, if not all cultures have rites of passage integrated intoRead MoreRites Of Passage, Right Or Wrong1720 Words   |  7 PagesRites of Passage, â€Å"Right or Wrong†? Throughout history the term â€Å"rights of passage† has been used to describe the transition of a person into a new stage of their lives. Rites of passage are relevant in every day life all over the world. Most prominently though, Africa has a large population of people whose groups still practice traditional rites of passage to mark special life achievements. Basically, anything meaningful that happens within their tribe such as the birth of a child, the entranceRead MoreIwa Akwa Rites Of Passage Essay1268 Words   |  6 Pages. PSY2022 Human Growth and Development B01 PSY2022_W3_Project_Alimole_Angela Every nation is known for their specific rite of passage and their acceptance of what is the subsequent phase to maturity in men and women. This is the representation of sexual maturity for the community. An example of this rite that I am familiar with is the iwa-akwa ceremony of the Obowu community of Nigeria. The age bracket is usually among those born within the period of three years. For instance, those born in 2000Read MoreStudent Retention Of Universities : A Literature Review1162 Words   |  5 Pagesnew trains of thought with his avant-garde study in 2001. Tinto was led to revise his work in 2005 in the midst of criticism competing theorists. These scholars set the precedent for modern research conducted in the field of student attrition. Upon review of literature, compelling similarities and criticisms are contrived around the same basic theories. Primitive information existed before examination under Tinto. In fact, most other subsequent studies reference and base their theories off hisRead MoreThe Short Term Effects Of Bullying On Adolescents969 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the website Eyes on Bullying statistically in a U.S. national study with youth in grades 6 through 10, almost 30% —more than 5.7 million—were involved in moderate or frequent bullying during the current school term, as a bully, victim, or both. â€Å"According to researchers, bullying is still commonly viewed by many as just a harmless rite of passage or an inevitable part of growing up.† (Impact of Bullying Traits both victims, bullies into Adulthood) Does bullying have short term effectsRead MoreI Was A Bad Kid959 Words   |  4 Pagesfinding roommates in Summer 2013 I enrolled in Lone Star College for Fall semester and passed my classes with C’s because I would work 40+ hours and commute from Katy to Downtown every mo rning followed by night classes and did not have the proper study habits. After I realized how hard life was, I slowly dropped my bad habits which was drinking, smoking weed, and having pre-marital sex which was all against my religion. I excelled academically the following semesters after because in my opinion,Read MoreThe Occidental And Oriental Historical Backgrounds993 Words   |  4 Pagesculture does not have any impact. Supporters of this view consider that the human beings are not different from one another. For instance, D.E. Brown found hundreds of different human universal standards across all cultures (music, language, rites of passage†¦) The second position describes the human being as unique because of the intermeshing relationship between minds and cultures. This approach agrees with the fact that there are universal aspects but it also adds the specificity of a cultural

A Different Kind of Leadership Free Essays

string(144) " with a variety of managerial styles-authoritative, affiliative, democratic and coaching can be successful as long as they encourage dialogues\." When The Economist magazine recently asked 180 leaders what the major influence on future organizations would be, two-thirds of them said it would be teams and groups. Clearly, the John Wayne model of leadership won’t work. What is needed today is a different kind of leadership. We will write a custom essay sample on A Different Kind of Leadership or any similar topic only for you Order Now People who think they can do it by themselves are somewhat deluded. Despite these kinds of statements the cult figure of the Chief Executive Officer still exists. They are enshrined, and probably celebrated too much. This is partly an American phenomenon. However throughout Europe there are beginning to be reactions against these icons for companies and these are ominous signs for the future of figureheads. Groups, teams, communities, partnerships, stakeholders, colleagues, collaborators signal the end of the â€Å"Great Man,† the death of the John Wayne myth. As the business world becomes more complex and interdependent, executives cannot afford to lead in isolation. Instead, they must tap into the collective knowledge and expertise of their colleagues by creating real teamwork at top levels of the organization. They need to build truly effective leadership teams. Successful management in today’s society are forever trying to seek out the most competent individuals to employ in specific roles within a business environment. The criteria on which an individual is selected are widely recognised as the common attributes of a leader. These qualities would include; intelligence, forcefulness, sensitivity, patience, decisiveness, the person would be reflective and dynamic, a good communicator as well as being a good listener. The list of desirable traits continues to describe the perfect leader-manager who would be effective and most probably flawless. In reality this person could not exist, simply because many of the characteristics seem to conflict with one another. It is unlikely that someone could be both forceful and particularly sensitive. The inability of a single individual to possess all the skills that are sought after, presents the opportunity for the development of a team that certainly could. Teams also have the advantage that if a single member of a team is unavailable, then the productivity of the team may not be impacted significantly, whereas if a single person had full responsibility for a task and then was taken ill for example, any progress due to be made on the task would be halted. Another problem with focussing on training individuals to a high level and therefore becoming somewhat reliant on that person is that, if that person decided to leave to take a position with a competitor or to take early retirement to spend time with their spouse then the business is left trying to adjust for the loss. By focussing on teams the business is somewhat less exposed to these potential problems. However the development of teams to provide protection against competitors ‘poaching’ personnel, has become less effective, especially in the service industries. An example of this kind of activity occurring was seen in November 1999 when a team of Merrill Lynch Co. telecom analysts defected to Credit Suisse First Boston (CSFB). This forced Merrill to reshuffle its depleted research effort just as the firm’s telecom bankers were positioning to land the mandate on what could be the biggest initial public offering in history. The highly regarded telecom analysts Dan Reingold and Mark Kastan left Merrill for CSFB on 22nd November, taking with them a group of five other analysts – almost Merrill’s entire U. S. telecom research team. With such an emphasis on the formulation of effective self-managed teams, the question of whether leadership is actually required arises. It has been suggested that to organize genius and to have a great group, the fine art of herding cats must learnt. This analogy is used to demonstrate the difficult skill of persuading members within a team to carry out tasks they may not particularly want to, and feel good about doing it. This ‘soft skill† is very important if a group is to have a member in a leading capacity. Some leaders have managed to succeed without having great people skills. Examples include Steve Jobs at Macintosh Computers, Walt Disney, Kelly Johnson at Lockheed’s Skunk Works, and John Andrew Rice at Black Mountain College. In fact they have been described as having herded their cats with whips; and yet still produced phenomenal results. Leaders typically provide direction and meaning that resonate in the heart, soul and mind. But many leaders of great groups are abrasive, if not downright arrogant. Another analogy used to describe these people is that they are all alchemists. They are creating something out of nothing. They are creating something magical. They are creating an object of enchantment. An explanation given for why these team leaders were obnoxious at times was that when believing that they were involved in a group that would change the world, they could be afforded the opportunity of being a â€Å"son-of-a-bitch† for a time. If a group can be created that thinks they can â€Å"make a dent in the universe,† as Steve Jobs told the team that created the Macintosh computer, one’s personal foibles, losing one’s temper, one’s style become less important. If the team feels transported, and part of the excitement, the thrill and the electrifying feeling of doing something that nobody has ever done before, arrogance on behalf of the leader can be excused. Undoubtedly this aggressive style of team leadership producing outstanding results is the exception to most group situations. The charismatic nature of the people involved probably had more to do with the eventual result rather than the manner in which they lead. Charisma is intangible, difficult to assess, and cannot be taught, yet can override all learnt skills of good team leading. However there have been studies that suggest that the personality of the leader may adversely affect the team†s performance. Mary Fontaine, head of the Hay/McBer’s competency practice, a U. S. management consulting group, carried out a study that found that team leaders with a variety of managerial styles-authoritative, affiliative, democratic and coaching can be successful as long as they encourage dialogues. You read "A Different Kind of Leadership" in category "Essay examples" However team leaders with a coercive managerial style were found to be far less successful at promoting dialogues. In contrast to the success of the individuals and their organisations mentioned earlier it was found that it wasn’t the best and the brightest who excelled. â€Å"Sucking the oxygen out of the room with excessive charisma or with an intimidating intellect and self-confidence was often detrimental to team efforts,† Fontaine says. â€Å"The truly outstanding leaders frequently were those whose contributions were less visible, who worked behind the scenes to create structures and arrange for organizational supports that made it easier for their teams to excel. There seems to be a threshold level of team skills required to be a competent leader, and above this level charisma can either make an average leader-manager into someone special or more likely hinder the groups performance. The ideal that leaders are not born, but make themselves supports this theory. A person may develop to be charismatic, however in order to grow as a leader they must learn the necessary people or ‘soft† skills. These are the hardest skills to learn. They are the things that will make the biggest difference in organizations. Bob Haas, CEO of Levi Strauss, has said the hard skills are not getting the pants out the door. The hard skills are creating the work force that will be motivated to be productive. So, the soft skills are the hardest skills. It seems that there is still a place for leaders within teams, but not in the traditional sense. Leaders are purveyors of hope who suspend disbelief in their groups. They represent the group†s needs and aspirations. They don’t know that a task cannot be achieved. Most individuals are hungry spirits, and any leader who can dangle a dream before them usually gets their attention and the collective talents within a team make that dream a reality. Today the one thing that the majority of professional people want is to be inspired. For many years the qualities of individuals have been studied, and the successful characteristics copied. However the successful features of a management team are less well understood. A team has proved more difficult to study than a single person. However there has been recognition of some of the main elements of what makes one team more successful than another. A number of studies have been carried out to try to depict the foundations of teamwork and the complimentary relationships between members. The format of the team and the relationships within seem indicative to whether the team is successful. It is not necessarily the ability of individuals within the team. Given a free choice of members and the need to form a high-powered management team to solve complex problems, it would seem sensible to select members who have sharp analytical minds. This would suggest creating a team composed entirely of intellectually clever people. These types of people would be equipped for coping with major projects and big decisions. Creating a ‘Think-Tank’ would initially appear to be the best solution for high profile managerial teams. However, studies carried out by Belbin concluded that the grouping of highly intellectual and similarly analytically minded people within a team in general does not produce the expected high performance. Belbin championed the result as â€Å"Apollo Syndrome†, named after the team consisting of the intellectually clever people that carried out the executive management exercises he designed. The analysis of these highly intellectual ‘Apollo’ teams illustrated some of the flaws within the group interaction. A large proportion of each individual’s time was engaged in trying to persuade the other members of the team to adopt their own particular, well stated, point of view. No one seemed to convert another or be converted themselves. This was largely due to the ability to spot weak points in each other’s argument. There was, not surprisingly, no coherence in the decisions that the team reached – or was forced to reach. Subsequent to the eventual failure of the team, finishing last in the exercise, the aftermath was marked by mutual recrimination. If having a team consisting of homogeneous people with respect to members’ demographics, cognitions and high intellect does not create a successful group, then the obvious alternative would be to create groups of heterogeneous individuals. Scholars have carried out studies to investigate the various types of diversity within a group. Diversity differentiates individuals by the degree to which they are directly related to the task at hand. Job relatedness is one form of diversity and is an important property because it determines whether a particular type of diversity constitutes an increase in a group’s total pool of task-related skills, information, and perspectives. The magnitude of this pool, in turn, represents a potential for more comprehensive or creative decision making. This concept has been studied by Milliken and Martins. The idea of having a diverse team to provide a wide spectrum of views has been used as a starting point to formulate teams. However, teams do not just happen when people get together. At the start, a team is just a collection of individuals. And, like most collections, it is only as strong as its weakest member. The optimum number of individuals within a team is a major issue for discussion when creating a team. This figure would to some extent depend on the amount of work that needs to be performed. In general the larger the group, the greater the unseen pressures that make for conformity. These pressures may impinge upon an individual to the extent that in mass meetings, congregations and assemblies they feel anonymous. Behaviour within the group is further complicated by group structure. The stronger the structure, the less tolerance there is for dissenters or for any form of deviant expression. Where groups are unstructured, for example large numbers of people meeting for a purpose but without any imposed constraints, studies have shown that rather than the individual recovering a sense of mature individuality, they are likely to revel in the anonymity which size offers. Investigations have discovered that large gatherings of people has the effect of either their constituents becoming excessively passive or, if full self-expression is permitted, inclined to irresponsible behaviour, aggressive verbal declarations, or even acts of destruction. In a team building situation this type of behaviour would clearly not promote the synergy and effectiveness that is sought after. How to cite A Different Kind of Leadership, Essay examples

Tension in Poetry Essay Example For Students

Tension in Poetry Essay The essay deals with tension s the life off poem . It reveals Tate s view that a good poem is the one in which the extension and the intension are in a state of tension. In other words , a good poem has a combination of both extensive or denotative and intensive or connotative meanings The essay is divided into three parts . Part 1 ; deals with the fallacy of communication in poetry. Tate explains his point with some examples . Part II , Tate defines tension in poetry and explains its importance in poetry with a few examples . In part Ill, he gives his final example of the significance of tension in . Poetry Fallacy of Communication in Poetry In the first part of the essay, Tate attacks the fallacy of ; communication in poetry. He also attack the companion fallacy of mere denotation in poetry. Richards remarks that mass language is the medium of communication. Its uses are less interested in bringing to formal order the effective state than in arousing it. Tate illustrates the point with some examples. The first example is Justice Denied in Massachusetts, a poem by Miss Malay. In the poem, how Massachusetts could cause a general desiccation is not made clear. The poem has mass language and it arouses an effective state the poem is praised by those who share the feelings with the poet. However, for those who do not share the feelings, the poem . Proves to be obscure. Here comes the fallacy of communication Another example of such obscurity is found in the poem The Vine ; by James Thomson. The language here appeals to an affective state. It does not have coherent meaning either literal or implied. The more closely one examines the lyric, the more obscure it becomes. The imagery does not add anything to the general idea of the . Poem The wine of love is music And the feast of love is song When love sits down to banquet Love sits long Sits long and rises drunken But not with the feast and the wine He reelect with his own heart . That great rich Vine One more example is Cooleys Hymn: To Light. This is a ; metaphysical poem and does not have any qualities in . Moon Thomson s The Vine Nor amidst all these Triumphs does thou scorn , The humble glow-worm to adorn ,And with those living spangle gild . The Bushes of the Field(O greatness without Pride) , The violet, spring little Infant, stands :Girt in thy purple Swaddling bands ;On the fair Tulip thou dost dote . Thou clothes it in a gay and party-colored Coat Again Of these poems, equally bad poetry is found in ; Thomson s The Vine and Cooleys Hymn: To Light. However, Coo leys failure is more. The negative superiority of the poem lies in a firmer use of language . There is no appeal to an affective state . There are uncontrolled distortions. The poem lacks imagination or tension . The Vine is a failure in denotation, . While Hymn: To Light is a failure in connotation Tate calls these poems absurd. This is because good ; poetry is a unity of all the meanings from the furthest extremes of intension and extension. The readers recognition of the action of this unified meaning is the gift of experience, culture and humanism . The powers of discrimination here are not deductive powers but total human powers . They have special application to poetry which is a single experience of medium . Thus certain kind of . Poetry suffers from the fallacy of communication Definition of Tension in Poetry Tate has invented the term Tension by chopping ; off the prefixes in and ex from the two terms intension and extension. Here, extension refers to extensive or logical or denotative meaning in poetry . On the other hand, intension refers to the intensive or connotative or suggestive meaning f poetry . A successful poem is the one in which these two meanings are in a state of tension. .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1 , .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1 .postImageUrl , .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1 , .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1:hover , .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1:visited , .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1:active { border:0!important; } .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1:active , .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1 .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud7cec5e1c01b08a775bf4efc7375efd1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Poetry carol ann duffy EssayTate . Calls tension is the life of the poem Tate says that the meanings selected by the readers along ; the line between the extremes of intensive and extensive vary according to the personal interest. The Platonist will tend to stay very close to the extension end . He might decide that Marvel s To His Coy Mistress recommends immoral behavior to young men. It would of course, one true meaning of the poem . However, the full tension of the poem will not allow the readers to entertain it exclusively . The poem has the intensive meaning too.

Two Great Athletes

Michael Jordan is one of the best former American professional basketball players whose achievements made him to gain tremendous popularity around the world. He is depicted as a role and a hero because of his excellence and courage inside and outside the pitch. After successfully playing basketball at the University of North Carolina, the Chicago Bulls recruited him as the third pick for their 1984-1985 season and he signed a $6.15 million contract with the team (Houghton, 27).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Two Great Athletes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More During his rookie season with the Bulls, he was very influential in the National Basketball Association such that he was chosen as an alternate on the Eastern Division All-Star squad. Averaging 28.2 points per game and establishing a team record with 2,313 points, he led the Bulls to a 38 win and 44 loss season. Because of his growing popularity, companies started to use his image in promoting their products. One of these is Nike, which paid him $2.5 million for them to use his name in promoting their products. Coca-Cola, McDonalds, and Gatorade are some other companies that also attempted to endorse Michael. During the 1987-88 season, averaging 35 points per game, he led his team in wining 81 games out of the 82 game season. During the 1990-91 season, averaging 31.5 points, he led the Bulls to have 61 wins and 21 losses, which made them to reach the NBA for the first time in Michael’s career. Michael is the only other player, besides Wilt Chamberlain, to have scored three thousand points in one season, and he received other awards and recognitions, such as the Defensive Player of the Year in 1988, Sportsman of the Year in 1991, and he received five MVP awards. As a majority shareholder of the Charlotte Bobcats, Michael is also a successful businessperson. Another successful basketball player who also played for the Chicago Bul ls was Scotty Pippen. He complemented his teammate Michael Jordan in transforming the Bulls into a vehicle for making the National Basketball Association to be admirable throughout the world in the 1990s. His NBA career began when he was chosen the fifth overall in the 1987 NBA Draft. He was ultimately traded to the Chicago Bulls for a six-year contract worth over $5 million and he became part of their young forward tandem in supporting Michael Jordan. With fellow teammate Michael Jordan guidance, he managed to improve his skills in the pitch. The two players honed one another’s skills on offense and defense and they enabled their team to reach the Conference semifinals in 1988. In that year, he averaged 14.4 points per game.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This was almost double that of his total during the rookie season. During the 1989-1990 season, he averaged 16.5 po ints per game and 6.7 rebounds per game, which earned him his first appearance NBA All-Star selection in 1990. After the 1990-91 season, he was guaranteed a yearly income of $3.5 million up to 1997-98 season. He supplemented his annual income from endorsing products of companies at over $7 million. He also appeared on television programs such as ER and Chicago sons. His most profitable endorsement was with Nike. This earned him about $3.5 million. With the retirement of Michael Jordan before the 1993-94 season, he came out from Jordan’s shadow, and averaging 22.0 points, 8.7 rebounds, and 5.6 assists, he assisted his team in winning several matches in that season. He was voted to the NBA All-Defensive First Team eight times, All-NBA First Team three times, NBA All-Star Game MVP in 1994, and one of the 50 Greatest Players in NBA history during the 1996-97 season. Works Cited Houghton, Sarah. Michael Jordan: the best ever. Mankato, Minn.: Capstone Press, 2002. This essay on Two Great Athletes was written and submitted by user Mr. X to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Universal Health Care

Universal Health Care Universal Health Care PAGE \* MERGEFORMAT 7Universal Health CareTraci LedfordHHS 235University of Phoenix, Axia CollegeKevin HayesJuly 26, 2008Universal Health CareIntroduced to the House of Representative on February 8, 2005, House Resolution 676 (H.R. 676) is a bill proposed to provide coverage for all the residents of the United States. The full text of this bill is available from the Library of Congress. (H.R. 676). The title of this Act is the "United States National Health Insurance Act" (USNHI), or the "Expanded and Improved Medicare for All Act" (. (H.R.676).The outline of this bill is in five titles with subsections. The titles are Title I: Eligibility and Benefits, Title II: Finances, with subtitles A: Budgeting and Payments and B: Funding, Title III: Administration, Title IV: Additional Provisions and Title V: Effective Date. Each of these ttiles is broken down into secitons.English: health care provider in Sierakà ³wThe most informative sections fall under Title I: Eligi bility and Benefits.All residents of the United States are eligible for coverage under this proposed health care plan. In order to receive the benefits of the health care program, families and individuals should register by filling out an application with a health care provider. All residents are eligible for health care coverage, but everyone must fill out an application to receive a benefits card with a personalized health care number on it. (H.R. 676).The benefits covered in this proposed bill are primary care, preventive care, inpatient and outpatient care, emergency care, prescriptions and mecical equipment, long-term care including mental health care and substance abuse treatment, chiropractic services and dental and vision services, excluding cosmetic services. (H.R. 676). These benefits should be availbable through any licensed health care provider with no deductibles, co-payments, or other cost sharing plans. (H.R. 676).

Assignment Report On Eight Domains Of The Nmc Framework

Assignment Report On Eight Domains Of The Nmc Framework The purpose of this assignment is to demonstrate my clinical and educational practice, especially in mentoring pre-registration nursing students, newly qualified nurses and internationally-educated nurses. All registered nurses have a professional duty to become mentors and play an important role in facilitating students to build their competency. I will aim to reflect on practice relative to the Eight Domains of the NMC framework and give an accurate analysis on how this can impact a student’s experiences and learning opportunities. Papp (2002) stated that, â€Å"student nurses highly value clinical practice and the possibilities it offers in the process of growing to become a nurse and a professional†. It is essential to create a positive learning environment that allows students to build confidence and therefore, bridge the gap between theory and practice. This promotes students’ interests in learning and encourages them to participate more. NMC Domains Establishing effective working relationships I was expecting a second-year student starting on the ward, therefore a students’ welcome pack was prepared and a discussion took place over the phone a few days prior the start day. The student had a few questions about shift times and was excited but worried to start, due to having no neurosurgical experience. I assured them that most of the other students were in that situation and that the team was looking forward to meeting and working with her. On the morning she arrived, I, as the nurse in charge, had allocated some of my morning duties to other members of staff so I could have an initial conversation with the student. In addition, I introduced her to the rest of the team, orientated her within the unit, and explained my role in the ward and the type of patients and how we distributed them. We discussed the student’s goals for this placement, the action plans to achieve them and further beneficial learning opportunities, for example: theatre time, bed meetings, shadowing specialist nurses, etc. I believe this initial meeting is an essential factor in building a mutual trust and working relation. Dunn and Hansford (1997) highlighted the importance of staff and student relationship informing initial perceptions of their learning environment as well as feeling part of an established nursing team. Facilitating Learning Within the initial conversation with the student I was working with, we discussed the learners’ objectives for this placement. I asked her what she felt she wanted from me as a mentor, what style of learning she preferred and what she felt assisted her to gain confidence with clinical skills. I discovered this made the student feel at ease in the learning environment. Furthermore, the student was reluctant and anxious to a verbal handover on the phone and we identified that as a goal to achieve in this placement. On the following days, I took the student and sat her next to me in three different occasions when I had to handover a patient to a local hospital. After she observed how I conduct myself, I asked her to go away and list the important clinical aspects she would need to inform the other hospital when doing a handover. A few days later, she had the occasion to handover a patient independently with me sitting next to her for support and with the list she made as a guide. She started very nervously but gained confidence towards the end of the call. She was very proud of what she had achieved and the approach allowed the student and myself to develop a learning plan based on the student’s needs. Research shows that clinical learning environments are considered as an anxiety and stress-provoking factor for pre-registration nursing students which can be barriers to learning. Effective and supportive mentorship help reduce anxiety and stress and could enhance students’ learning and performance. Assessment and Accountability Pellatt (2006) explains the importance of the nurses’ accountability when working with the students. As the nurse is accountable for the tasks they may delegate to the student, but insuring the student is competent in these tasks it will allow for safe practice. It is important to find out whether students have the traits to practice safely and effectively without any direct supervision on their own to be competent. A third-year student was allocated by myself the task of checking the vital signs of four patients. Even though the student was the one performing the task I, as the registered nurse, had the responsibility to check the observations were recorder and documented. When checking the patients’ observations charts, I realized that although they were filled out, one patient who should have been scoring on the Early Warning Score (EWS) system had not been identified and had been scored at 0. The EWS is a guide used to quickly determine the degree of illness of a patient. It has a policy to escalate and act quickly to prevent further deterioration (. As this student has been placed in the hospital for other clinical placements, I had expectations that he would have fully understood the EWS. We must work within our limits and if we do not know something, we must ‘ask’ in order to provide safe care. Moreover, I asked the student to evaluate his performance by asking him how well he thought he did. I listened to his side of the story and provide constructive feedback to identify his strengths as well as areas he has to work on. Giving constructive feedback is an important role of a mentor in student assessment. From this discussion, we put into place an action plan that allowed him to practice more on patients observations and study the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems. I gave him a list of articles about EWS and asked him to read and interpret them. I also directed him to a microteaching session of EWS system. Once he felt confident and comfortable with his skills, the sign-off mentor and myself allocated him with four patients and evaluated him at the end of the shift. By the end of the day, the student was competent and self-assured in carrying out vital sign observations and mapping them on EWS. Mentoring gives an opportunity to reflect on our own actions and beliefs and helps us change our practices. Upon reflection, I have acknowledged my own strengths and weaknesses as a mentor, and become more aware of my role as an assessor. Thus, sometimes, nurses fail to fail students because they are not adequately prepared for the role. However, when a student does fail to meet the necessary foundation competence required by the NMC, then the only option would be to fail the student based on these ground rules. I believe that it takes a skilled mentor to quickly identify when a student requires more support and guide them through their learning with all available resources. Evaluation of learning In mentoring a student nurse it is essential to continuously evaluate and reflect on practice. Vuorinen et al (2001) found that evaluation is an important aspect of professional development. Therefore, ensuring adequate evaluation techniques are being used is imperative to a student nurses progression. As a mentor I encourage and welcome feedback from students with regards to my mentoring techniques and the environment in which they are learning. There is a difference in being a teacher or evaluator compared to being an assessor, an important role aspect of being mentors (Webb Shakespeare 2008). Being a mentor is challenging, especially when there is a shortage of staff as it reduces the amount of time that mentors could allocate to student assessment. Not only is this important for the progression but also my reflection on a personal practice. Clynes and Raffery (2014) highlight that effective feedback should not only explore areas or current practice, but should empower the studen t to proceed with excellent practical skills. Create an environment for learning When we share feedback on the learning environment, it allows my colleagues and I to ensure the ward is deemed appropriate by students’. Saarikoski Leino-kilpi (2002) emphasizes the need for a positive ward environment and a good leadership structure within the ward in order to maximize learning potential. Midgley (2006) identifies the importance of learning in clinical practice and the balance of theoretical and practical work by student nurses. Working with a first-year student on her first placement, we identified her objective e of learning about basic nursing care and how to ensure patients met their Activities of Daily Living (ADLS) (Roper, Logan and Tierney 2000). In order to facilitate her objective, every morning we highlighted the patients with dependency scores that indicated they would need more nursing care that someone who was completely independent with their ADLs. We carried out the basic nursing care together until the student felt comfortable doing this by herself when appropriate. Every morning, she would highlight the patients’ needs and use this to plan the care she would provide. The student excelled in the care given to these patients and updated care plans as and when was necessary. Context of practice When I became ward manager that I currently work on, I realized that the handover was not as efficient as required. It was an area in which I felt we, as nurses, could develop our ward handover procedure. In addition, I felt important information was left out which will potentially improve our clinical care for the patients. Sexton et al (2003) discussed the use of good communication tools for nursing handovers in order to provide continuity of care. I decided to use Safety Briefing forms to emphasize the patients who needed more attention (e.g. risk of falls, step down from ICU, etc.) so that the whole team was aware of particular patients’ needs. The students and members of the team seemed to appreciate the simple tool which allowed them to discuss patients’ care, due to the structure they were provided with. I feel that introducing this tool to the team I work with has changed communication and in turn patients care for the better. Not only has it benefitted the current staff but it gives students the opportunity to practice and gain confidence in what can sometimes be challenging communication situations. Evidence based practice Brown et al (2008) recognized the importance of evidence based practice to ensure patients’ safety at all times. However, there are barriers which are identified including time and resources. The importance of applying theory to practice was highlighted by Upton. D (1999) therefore it is essential that a good mentor facilitates this. While working with a second-year student, we allocated him with a patient who had contracted Clostridium Difficile. The patient was nursed in a side room with isolation protocols in place following Infection control policy. The student working with me at the time discarded the apron and gloves inside the side room as per indicated. Nevertheless, he forgot to wash his hands to decontaminate them. Gerding et al (2014) provide evidence to show that C.Difficile spores will survive in the hands, therefore the evidence states that we must only use soap and water in these instances and ensure that patients and visitors use the same approach. I sat with t he student and showed him the evidence articles, asking him to read through them. In response, he acknowledged that he needs to improve his nursing care and took it upon himself to remind visitors before and after entering a room that washing hands with soap and water is a must. Leadership Bally J. (2007) recognizes the importance of leadership in ensuring effective nursing standards. Not only is it important for nurses to have good leadership support from their seniors, but it is also essential that all nurses are themselves good leaders. Latham et al (2008) states the importance of nurses supporting team members is imperative to good patient care and career progression. Consequently, it is evident that a mentor should have good leadership skills in order to be an advocate for their student nurse and support them though their training. Wilkes Z (2006) describes the mentors role a one of support but also objective and analytical. When working with a student it is always essential that the student’s objectives and aims are met though planning and regular discussions of feedback and encouragement. I met a student at her first neurosurgical placement. She developed a strong interest in our area and discussed her eagerness of seeing more aspects of neurosurgery, particularly brain tumors. I promoted her spending time with theatre cases of oncology, followed by shadowing oncology nurses and their discussions at the Multidisciplinary Team Meeting every week. She was also present at family meetings where the results were discussed with the patient and the treatment to follow explained to the family. The student enjoyed her time and felt that she engaged well with members of the medical team. We set up objectives for her to achieve and had different meetings afterwards to see if the objectives where achieved. She found ‘difficult and painful’ to break up sad news to patients and found that this area of neurosurgery was very challenging and complex but one she would love to dedicate to in the future. We went thought some literature together and shared experiences with he r so she could understand that feeling pain and sadness thrt4ough our nursing career when facing extreme upset situations were common to most of us and nothing to feel ashamed of.

Structure of a UK-Based Grocery Retailing Business Essay

Structure of a UK-Based Grocery Retailing Business - Essay Example The industry analysis involves the examination of competition, the presence of competitors, the level of rivalry amongst the industry player, the relative position of Tesco amongst opponents, bargaining power of suppliers and customers in comparison of Tesco, threat of new entrants and substitutes. This paper is a scheduled academic project which studies and analyses the context and structure of a company. Tesco, the well known retailing brand based in the United Kingdom, has been chosen for the purpose of a study. Tesco will be analysed from both inside and outside perspectives, including the internal structure, culture, philosophy, and operations that determine the internal environment of the company whilst the industry analysis in terms of competitors and competition, anticipation of new entrants, industry growth phase, company expansion, etc is considered as the external environment of Tesco. The paper closes with a pair of suggestions followed by conclusions presented at the end . Tesco is a pioneer international brand known for retailing amongst various grocery and packed food products, clothing items, financial services and even fuel retailing services in different parts of the world. The company operates in fourteen geographic market segments in the UK, United States of America, Europe, North America and Asia. Tesco strives to create the valuable shopping experience for its customers and consumers across the target market.

CourseWork 2hii Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

CourseWork 2hii - Essay Example It is described at different occasions to be an expression of integration of history and experiences of the past, which led to a unified meaning of its political existence. It is also defined as the set of rules put down to the public, legally distributing the power laid to them, which is acceptable to the people belonging to different organizations of the government1. Hence it is a flexible unified set of ruling principles of the British Constitution that can easily be amended so as to meet the political and legal requirements. The rule of law is one of the main principles operating the British Constitution. One of the simplest definitions given to the rule of law is the sovereignty or supremacy of law over man. With that said, Parliament sovereignty too, is not compromised at any cost, which is also one of the fundamental principles of the British Constitution with the rule of law. Human rights are a crucial aspect in accordance with which the parliament and judges amend their rule s making sure there are no compromises made, thus, the human Rights Act 1998 plays a fundamental role in the functioning of courts. However, the main object and definition of the rule of law in a wider sense also includes the upholding of basic human rights and values that are associated with justice and fairness towards its people. The preeminent function of the courts is to uphold the rule of law and human rights together. Generally, it was the parliamentary sovereignty that had been deemed the ultimate ruling principle of the British Constitution, which has recently been challenged due to the preceding constitutional changes brought about. Mainly because of the reason that Britain has an unwritten constitution, it can evolve, molding itself to the changes that take place over time in the political and legal circumstances.2 We will have to discuss the mechanism that endorses the rule of law in order to see how the constitution is based upon Human Rights Act 1998. 15 The 98 Act had magnified and enhanced the rule of law’s constitutional role since it had increased the courts ability to further scrutinize, question and reform the parliament’s legislative powers. It ensured that the rights mentioned in the 98 Act are not violated, while at the same time, the courts are bound to interpret legislation, as far as possible, to be compatible with the rules set out by the European Convention on Human Rights 1950, hereafter referred to as ECHR. This is a treaty contracted by the U.K when it became a member of the council of Europe. The rules of the 98 Act uphold the courts compliance with the rights of people as the main legislative principle in the English law and the legal system.3 Domestic courts have supported the substantive rule of law by understanding their powers under the 98 Act, making their legislation compatible with the ECHR. Declaring a directive to be incompatible with the ECHR signals that a right has been violated which is then directed to the European Court of Human Rights setup in Strasbourg. The treaty signed by the U.K, and being a member of the European council, binds them to initially follow the rules of the 98 Act and then to make a compatible legislation reconcilable with the legislation and rules of the ECHR.

Evolution as an Adaptation Essay Example for Free

Evolution as an Adaptation Essay The Chipping Sparrow is found across most of North America and eats mainly insects an seeds that are found in suburban areas and in farmland in the United States (Chipping Sparrow). Since the early 1990s, the feeding range of the Chipping Sparrow has included farms that grow genetically-modified grains, including the corn and wheat that are part of the Chipping Sparrows traditional diet (Genetically Altered Wheat Promises Higher Yields). Genetically-modified seeds are used to develop crops that are resistant to disease or pests, that use less water, or that are needed for specific requirements such as for pharmaceutical uses. While these crops may be helpful to humans, this change in the food supply could have important implications for the evolution of the Chipping Sparrow and other animals (Chrenkova, Sommer, Ceresnakova, et al, 2002). Although Chipping Sparrows share enough common traits to qualify as a unique species, differences still exist between individual Chipping Sparrows. Some of these differences might include metabolic differences that affect the individual birds digestive process. It is possible that the genetically-modified corn, for example, could be missing an enzyme that is essential to the Chipping Sparrows digestive process. If this happened, then the majority of Chipping Sparrows would not be able to break down the modified corn and would not benefit from eating it. The birds might feel full, but an essential part of their diet would be missing. Unless they could find another source of food, these Chipping Sparrows would eventually die of malnutrition. It is also possible that a small number of Chipping Sparrows could have some genetic metabolic abnormality that made it possible for them to digest the modified corn without this particular missing enzyme. In fact, it is even possible that this genetic abnormality in these sparrows digestive systems had always existed and that earlier generations of Chipping Sparrows who had this trait tended to have shortened life spans. If this had happened, then this digestive trait would have been passed along, but would only be present in a small number of the sparrows who would have been less likely to reproduce. If this was the case, then the change in the food supply could turn what had been a genetic liability into a genetic benefit. The Chipping Sparrows that could digest the modified corn would survive and would pass this trait along to their offspring. Those that did not have the trait would eventually either die or migrate. The fate of the Chipping Sparrows that remained would not be decided by luck, but would be the result of a genetic mutation that proved to be beneficial in their new environment. The change in the environment would effect the Chipping Sparrow population in stages. First, the majority of Chipping Sparrows that were unable to digest the modified corn would either leave or die, resulting in a severe drop in the Chipping Sparrow population. The sparrows that had the gene for the digestive trait would pass it along to their offspring. Even if this was a recessive gene, the odds of it being passed along to future generations would still increase as the number of non-adapted sparrows and their effect on the gene pool diminished. Instead of only one parent carrying the gene, which may have been the case in previous generations, it would become more likely that both parents would carry the gene for this particular trait. To summarize, the original population at time zero would have thrived on naturally produced corn. Individual members of this population, however, may have had what was the equivalent of a food allergy that prevented them from getting the full benefit of this natural food source. The change in the corn would have turned this genetic disorder into a genetic benefit which would have been passed along to future generations. Eventually, the surviving Chipping Sparrows would evolve into a species that thrives on genetically-modified corn and is unable to digest natural, unmodified corn. References Chipping Sparrow. Avianweb. com (2006).Retrieved May 25, 2008, from http://www. avianweb. com/chippingsparrow. html Chrenkova, M. , Sommer, A. , Ceresnakova, Z. , Nitrayova, S. , Prostredna, M. (2002). Nutritional evaluation of genetically modified maize corn performed on rats. Archives of Animal Nutrition,56 (3), p229-236. Retrieved May 25, 2008, from Academic Search Premier. Genetically Altered Wheat Promises Higher Yields. New York Times (May 28, 1992). Retrieved May 25, 2008, from http://query. nytimes. com/gst/fullpage. html? res=9E0CE4DF1039F93BA15756C0A964958260

Computer Engineering - A Carrer as a Computer Software Engineer :: Computer Software Engineering

Computer Engineering - A Carrer as a Computer Software Engineer Introduction The explosive impact of computers and information technology on our everyday lives has generated a need to design and develop new computer software systems and to incorporate new technologies in a rapidly growing range of applications. The tasks performed by workers known as computer software engineers evolve quickly, reflecting new areas of specialization or changes in technology, as well as the preferences and practices of employers. Computer software engineers apply the principles and techniques of computer science, engineering, and mathematical analysis to the design, development, testing, and evaluation of the software and systems that enable computers to perform their many applications. (1) Background Software engineers working in applications or systems development analyze users ¡Ã‚ ¦ needs and design, construct, test, and maintain computer applications software or systems. Software engineers can be involved in the design and development of many types of software, including software for operating systems and network distribution, and compilers, which convert programs for execution on a computer. In programming, or coding, software engineers instruct a computer, line by line, how to perform a function. They also solve technical problems that arise. Software engineers must possess strong programming skills, but are more concerned with developing algorithms and analyzing and solving programming problems than with actually writing code. (2) Computer applications software engineers analyze users ¡Ã‚ ¦ needs and design, construct, and maintain general computer applications software or specialized utility programs. These workers use different programming languages, depending on the purpose of the program. The programming languages most often used are C, C++, and Java, with Fortran and COBOL used less commonly. Some software engineers develop both packaged systems and systems software or create customized applications. (4) Computer systems software engineers coordinate the construction and maintenance of a company ¡Ã‚ ¦s computer systems and plan their future growth. Working with a company, they coordinate each department ¡Ã‚ ¦s computer needs ¡Xordering, inventory, billing, and payroll record keeping, for example ¡Xand make suggestions about its technical direction. They also might set up the company ¡Ã‚ ¦s intranets ¡Xnetworks that link computers within the organization and ease communication among the various departments. (3) Systems software engineers work for companies that configure, implement, and install complete computer systems. They may be members of the marketing or sales staff, serving as the primary technical resource for sales workers and customers. They also may be involved in product sales and in providing their customers with continuing technical support. Computer software engineers often work as part of a team that designs new hardware, software, and systems.

Gay marriages should be made legal

Homosexuality has always been an easily misunderstood aspect of human's sexual life. People have diverse opinions but also very complex feelings over homosexuality. From the ancient years homosexuals were called â€Å"human garbage† and thought to be unclean by society. They were always isolated and rejected because of their sexual preferences, which were something different and unusual in comparison with the standards of society. However the way each of us deal with the fact of homosexuality depends on our own background, confusion, and personal experience with this issue. In the last years it has appeared the phenomenon of gay marriages, which actually worries society and raises many speculations about its probable legalization. Gay marriages happen more frequently in the recent years and they provoke disagreements and disputes among people. The moral issue that arises is whether gay marriages should be made legal or not. The majority of people are against legalization of this kind of marriages because they consider it as something abnormal and as a terrible sin against society, which unavoidably leads to disaster. According to the common belief gay marriages never existed in the past so there is no reason to change the already existing and well built foundations of this society. Whatever differs from the widely accepted establishment, is isolated and thrust aside. Consequently gay are not allowed to have a family and live their life as they dreamed it of. Furthermore, homosexuals are despised and rejected from the Christians and the religion in general. They are thought to be the â€Å"black ships† which do not deserve to be loved by God or by anyone else. According to our religion the two sexes have to married each other and anything else beside that is considered as blaspheme. They don't follow the â€Å"rules† of society and religion and they have to be punished. Consequently society, decides for the structure of the most appropriate kind of family and it actually excludes the minority of homosexuals by depriving them the right of getting married, creating a family and even have or adopt children. Additionally they are not suitable to bring up a child with the normal way because inevitably one of the two sexes is absent. According to Freud the lack of one of the two sexes in a marriage ends up to be disastrous for the personality of the child. This comes as a natural consequence because the child has only one sex model to imitate and learn from. Things become even more complicated when the child is of the opposite sex from the parents. On the other hand, according to homosexuals and their supporters same sex marriages should be legalized, because all people despite their sexual preferences must be able to get married with the person they love. Homosexuality is not something repulsive but just something different that heterosexuals are not used to. Gay support the opinion that sexual orientation is something, which seems to be â€Å"‘given† and it can't change. Homosexuals can't deny the truth about themselves and they get in a process of discovering and accepting themselves as they are. We must do the same thing and avoid criticizing them for their choices. Sexual orientation has nothing to do with morality. Homosexuals as well as heterosexuals can be involved in sexual sin, including promiscuity, infidelity and abuse. They are just like the rest of us, they have the same rights and they deserve the same opportunities in life. Consequently, they should be allowed to get married and create a family. They can be as good parents as the ordinary parents. They can offer love, tenderness and they can contribute to the formation of their children's personality. In conclusion homosexuality has many supporters but also many enemies. The problem that arises is whether it should be legalized or not. As we know from history all kind of discriminations led humanity straight to disaster in the past years. So as we accept every person with its benefits but also its disadvantages, we should also accept the homosexuals. Even if people cannot easily accept something new and different that inclines from what is considered as normal we must try to accept it and give homosexuals the chance to fulfil their dreams and live their lives without any unfair discriminations through legalization of gay marriages.

Interpretative Essay-Use of Writing Templates

In the preface of â€Å"They Say/ I Say': The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing, the authors furnish certain types of writing templates geared toward cuing students to think cognitively as well as critically; ultimately producing a writing style that is unique and creative to the individual. Graff and Bernstein maintain that the templates they offer â€Å"help students make a host of sophisticated moves† in their rating â€Å"that they might not otherwise make†.In addition, not only can the templates spark subconscious thoughts and ideas in students, but they can help the more experienced scholars as well. Whereas others regard their own beliefs to be self- justifiable and need no elaboration, the authors offer that by supplying the student with specific templates for â€Å"entertaining a counterargument† can help stifle these pretentious beliefs. Thus, it could be said about their shared opinions that templates o more than systematize ideas and concepts, bu t bring forth said ideas into being.After rereading the introduction a few times, I agree. Those unfamiliar to entertaining such train of thought may be intrigued to know that by utilizing these templates, we can effectively portray our deepest intelligence by counterintuitive means. For example, looking at something from someone else's perspective (perhaps even an opposing party) can bring new ideas to the surface that would otherwise main unknown.Some might contest that the opposing perspective is irrelevant because the thoughts stem from their mind's eye which, in retrospect, might impact the overall argument or statement that they wanted to convey. Although I understand the objections from skeptics, I still maintain that having an open mind when it comes to writing is crucial in the evolution of our thought process as students and professionals.I can say that there might be limitations on how many ways we can approach an argument or topic before it becomes deceased. Although the se writing templates may seem like they only apply to a minute vernacular, it does in fact apply to a wide array of professional and personal social environments.

Research Paper Format for College Students

Research Paper Format for College Students Everything You Need To Know About Research Papers If you are reading the article, you have probably faced some difficulties with completing a research paper but let me assure you that once you get familiar with the task, you will see how simple it actually is! Of course, it can’t be compared to a book review or a lab report and requires additional skills and instruments to succeed. Just remember: if you devote enough time to collecting relevant information and learn by heart how to structure a research paper, you will definitely get a high score! If you are genuinely interested in the subject, have new and fresh ideas it will be enjoyable to work on the assignment and will keep you motivated in the long run. Just relax and think of yourself as being a Sherlock in academic life At least for a while! Format of a Research Paper Basically, the structure of a research paper is similar to the one of a common essay but is a bit more difficult. In this article, you will not only get familiar with the format of the task but will also learn about different hooks and examples, which will help you to simplify your life. A research paper should also consist of an introduction, body paragraphs and conclusion. There should also be a title, list of references and additional content if necessary. Sounds simple, doesn’t it? Unfortunately, when it comes to practice, the majority of students are anxious and don’t know where to start. The main goal of this article is to help you with understanding what a research paper is and how to write it with ease. Here are the main principles of completing a research paper: Your paper should always have a title; Plan your work beforehand, as it makes half of your future success. With a coherent plan it will be much easier to write the paper; Stick to a single writing style. Remember that your research paper should consist of clear and simple sentences, which explain the topic to people, who may have no idea about the subject you are discussing; Familiarize readers with your main ideas and subject in the introductory section. Explain the audience what you are going to discuss in body paragraphs; Body paragraphs should consist of credible information, references, examples, and quotations. You should also support your thesis and give an explanation of why your writing is relevant; When working on the conclusion, you need to paraphrase your thesis statement. Generalize everything you have discussed in your work and explain the text in common words; References and all the additional information should be written after the conclusion; Ask your tutor what formatting style to use, as they greatly differ from each other and choosing the wrong style may influence your grade. Working On The Title Most of the students think that writing a title page is surely the simplest part of the assignment. However, it is not entirely true, because the title page is the first thing the reader sees, and its quality makes the first impression. If you make it interesting and appealing, it will be much easier to hold the attention of the audience. Once your first page is completed, don’t hesitate to congratulate yourself with the fact that the beginning is done! Next, you need to write the contents of all the chapters your work includes, and other boring but important organizational moments. Don’t neglect using auto numeration, as it will greatly save your time. If you are not sure how to do it, just ask Google! Research Paper Introduction and Conclusion These sections are the Alpha and Omega of your assignment and are tightly connected to each other. When working on the introduction, you should already think of what your conclusion will consist of.   What words will be strong enough for the introduction and which – for the conclusion? Don’t worry, all of these words will come to you in the writing process, so simply start typing, and you will surely catch the flow! In the introductory section, you need to introduce the reader to the topic. What is the goal of your research? Why do you want to cover it? What are you willing to share with the audience?   However, remain brief and try to make your introduction not longer than two pages. In this section, you just speak about the basic expectations and plans of the paper - no special information and details. Your conclusions can be a bit longer. Unlike the introduction, the main goal of the conclusion is to highlight and show the key results of the research. Don’t forget to remain objective and never rewrite your introduction using the same words. Body Paragraphs The main part of your work will consist of chapters and their subheadings. The number of chapters depends on the professor’s requirements, so you need to know the recommendations in advance. However, in some cases, students can write the plan on their own and simply discuss it with the tutor. Sticking to such a plan will help you to remain focused on the key ideas and not to lose the main topic. As it was mentioned above a solid plan makes up a half of your success. After it you need to gather and analyze information, writing down all the details in your own words and referring the sources. Make sure all information is carefully allocated according to chapters and subheadings to make your work look consistent and smooth. Formatting of Research Papers In most of the cases academic assignments should be formatted according to a particular formatting style. Two of the most popular ones are APA and MLA. APA or American Psychological Association Style is applied to works on social sciences. It is mostly used for research papers, course works, literature analyses, surveys and so on. MLA or Modern Language Association Style is applied to format references and documentation in humanities. The main differences between these two styles include: MLA doesn’t always require a title page. Everything depends on your tutor’s guidelines; In addition, you need to indicate the first and last name of the author, as follows: Last name. First name. Work’s Title. City, State: Publishing. Year; Main words of the title are always capitalized, and the whole title is underlined; Reference page is called ‘Works cited’; When quoting, MLA style uses the author’s last name and page number; It is not necessary to use commas if you want to separate material; If you are using an APA style, the title page must consist of five main elements: running head, title, your name, name of the university and note of the author (if it is required by your tutor); When citing a source, you need to indicate only the last name of its author, while the first name is abbreviated. For example, last name, F. (Year). Work’s Title. City, State: Publishing; You need to capitalize only the first words of titles, as well as subheadings. A title is italicized; The reference page is called ‘References’; When citing, indicate only the author’s last name and date; If the numbers of pages are known, you need to write p. or pp. Repeating and Editing By now you know almost everything, what is necessary for creating a solid research paper. The only thing I would like to add is that every paper you complete requires editing. Even if you are sure that your draft contains no mistakes, don’t be in a hurry to deliver the assignment without checking it. Before sending your paper to the professor’s mail or printing the work, make sure it is worth attention of the audience. Every time I completed a college assignment, I spent days reading it over and over again and eventually always found more mistakes. This brought me to understanding that only thorough proofreading is capable of making the assignment close to perfection. This stage may seem quite boring but it is essential for academic writing. Remember, all of the words and sentences must be suitable, and in place, so there should be no room for boredom and postponing. Once you notice that every element of your work is on its proper place, you will feel satisfaction and pride. The whole process is quite challenging and complicated, sometimes leading to despair but it is totally worth it, and the moment you are praised with your teacher and given an A, you see that everything was worth it!

MGMT 670 week 8 Conference Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MGMT 670 week 8 Conference - Essay Example My experience as a CEO, taught me to employ the participatory approach in problem solving. Involving other board members in decision-making and problem solving is essential for any company. Good ethics in business is essential, and decisions made should be ethical. Providing quality services to customers helps a company compete favorably in the market, as there is customer satisfaction. The environmental performance of a company is essential. This influences the society and the economy. According to Lewis & Little (2004), if a company fails to report on its environmental performance, it risks financial and managerial problems. The board of directors must be skilled enough to prevent and manage cases of unethical behavior in the company, as these influence the company negatively. Universal ethical principles must be adhered to and fostered in the company. A strong strategy will put the company on a competitive map. However, solid execution of strategy will sustain a company on the competitive map. When executing company strategy, considering employee opinions is paramount, as well as setting up a competent management board. Top performing employees must be motivated through best practices such as trainings, in order to retain them, and attract new ones. The company must also remain competent in the market by adjusting to suit the changing needs of customers. For successful strategy execution, a company may also consider structuring its work efforts. A well-informed decision should be made on what activities need outsourcing, and which ones can be performed internally. A company needs to also determine the degree of authority bestowed on its employees. When employees are empowered, depending on their degree of authority, the management must still be capable of exercising their control over them. The decision-making method of the company must as well be spelled out. It can be centralized or

Non Profit Taxes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Non Profit Taxes - Essay Example Non-profit organizations do not operate to bring about profit, a characteristic widely deemed to be the crucial aspect of such organizations. Still, a non-profit organization can accept, hold and pay out money and other items of value. Non-profit organizations may also legally and morally trade at a profit. The degree to which it can produce income may be constrained, and the use of those profits is doubtless restricted. Therefore, nonprofits are characteristically funded by donations from the public or private sector, and generally have tax exempt status. Private donations are sometimes tax deductible. In several countries, non-profit organizations may apply for tax exempt status. This allows financial donors to claim back any income tax paid on donations and, furthermore, the organization itself can be exempt from income tax. In the United States, Tacoma Washington included, following a recognized legal entity that has been created at the state level, it is traditional for the non-profit organizations to ask for tax exempt status with respect to income tax. That is achieved by applying to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). The IRS reviews the application to ensure the purpose of the organization. If certain conditions are met then the organization is given the status of a tax exempt organization (example: a charity).

Concumer Behaviour and Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Concumer Behaviour and Marketing - Essay Example Culture plays a multidimensional phenomenon which is much more than nationality of a country. Today, marketers, functioning in a multicultural scene are commonly confronted with two questions; â€Å"What is culture in the marketing context?† and â€Å"What is the role of culture as a factor influencing individual ethical decision making?† (Srnka, 2004, p.1). The project makes an analysis of the cultural differences between nations and how they influence the marketing strategies of companies launching products in those countries. It discusses about how a particular marketing strategy impacts on its consumers. It explains to what extent the global consumers culture prevails in society. Finally, it makes an analysis of the various options present before the marketers of companies when they launch a new product in a different country having a different culture. Key points in global consumer culture Consumer culture refers to the system where a common â€Å"set of behaviour s† is found across all the places. Culture refers to a uniform set of values that exists among a selected group of individuals (University of Northern Iowa, 2008). The concept of global consumer culture gets impetus from the expansion of the businesses across all the global corners. According to Mazzarella (2004) global consumer culture is â€Å"at one and the same time, ideology and social process, as something continuously made and remade through constantly shifting relations, practices, and technologies of market mediation†. To be more specific the dissemination of the global consumer culture is shaped by the flow of varying cultural resources which are referred by Appadurai (1990) as mediascapes, ideoscapes, technoscapes and financescapes. Globalization is mainly envisioned as few selected global brands like Mc Donald’s, Coca-Cola and Nike. To some extent this is a result of the marketing executives in America who view global village as one where people trave l in the same car; have same food; and have a similar television program viewership. These views are further reinforced by a group of international editors and journalists who associate globalisation with Mc Donald’s and Coca Cola pictures which indirectly refers to the gradual spread of the small American brands throughout the world. These two American brands rank forty-second and thirty-first respectively and represent the face of globalisation. As per Belk, a uniform global culture leads to homogeneity of global consumption. The consumers are increasingly listening to a similar type of music, adopting the same fashion technique, dining in the same restaurant etc. As per Alden, Steenkamp and Batra look upon global consumer culture as common sets of consumption linked symbols that facilitate to categorise members. Financescapes refer to the international flow of currency, capital and different financial instruments which facilitate running of the market. The examples include remittance business, flourishing derivative markets etc. Technoscapes refer to the flow of mechanical and informational techniques across the globe. A common example here can be the global revolution of cell phone. Smith (1991) states that a global media helps in the spread of global consumer culture thereby developing its global identity. Mediascapes

Learning and Development Provision Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Learning and Development Provision - Essay Example Returns on such investments are often not clear and measurement of outcome is generally not possible in tangible formats. It is also observed in various studies that organizations, especially small and medium scale organizations, are vary of training programs due to non-clarity of its outcome. This has led to different hypothesis in the field of employee training and various training methodologies have been formulated to overcome the shortcomings of traditional training programs and meet the growing market challenges. Following discussion analyses structured training process approach to the analysis, design, delivery, and evaluation of learning and development provision. It uses the McDonald's training program as an example case to illustrate how a structured training program influence the productivity of employees and performance of business as a whole. McDonald's is the leading global foodservice retailer with more than 30,000 local restaurants serving 52 million people in more than 100 countries each day. It has an ongoing commitment to employee learning and development, recognizing the importance of helping to build the skills base of their employees and the benefits this can bring to their business with better staff productivity. The company's recruitment policy is opt to its name 'hire and smile'. McDonald's hires people with a diverse range of qualifications, from highly skilled managers to college dropouts and focuses more on human qualities instead of educational qualifications. Its employee training programs are highly structured and are based on the company's core principles of quality, service, cleanliness, and value. McDonald's has also initiated its new employee training program known as 'Skills for Life' to provide an effective training to its employees, in association with the Learning and Skills Council. As a part o f its structured training program, McDonald's has also started Hamburger University that acts like a cushion for a highly skilled human resource development initiatives of the company. Structured Training Process Structured training process is setting and controlling the various training activities that facilitate a proper analysis, design, delivery, and evaluation of training that leads to development of human resources. Structured training is defined as a training activity with specific content that has a predefined objective and predetermined format, and whose progress can be monitored and/or evaluated. On-the-job training, on the other hand, is informal and does not necessarily have a predetermined format. It is generally conducted in the workplace itself (Guide to the Analysis of the Workplace and Employee Survey, 2001, Statistics Canada). It often relies on simulations of real time events. Structured training programs consist of certain predefined simulated organizational tasks that require a prompt response from trainees. It also incorporates a structured approach for feedbacks to improve performance of employees and the training process itself. Structured training programs have several advantages over traditional training. Some of the major benefits of structured training process are as follows: Focus on objectives Limiting the tasks and focusing on the

What causes Juvenile Delinquency

What causes Juvenile Delinquency Juvenile delinquency happens for many reasons. Poverty, abuse, and family tension are a few of the major reason for a child to become a juvenile delinquent. Steps need to be in place to stop and control some of the children that are falling through the crack of society and becoming ill-adjusted adults. Life is not always pretty, but that should not be a reason to commit crime. Movie Synopsis Freeway is a modern take on the fairytale Little Red Riding Hood. The movie depicts the struggles of Vanessa Lutz in school, her home life, and then as she tries to go to her grandmothers home after her mother and stepfather were arrested for prostitution and drug possession. Vanessa Lutz is severely, delayed academically, due to the multiple school changes that she endured because of her unstable childhood. Her years of being raised in the ghetto with her mother and stepfather added to lack of schooling she received. Vanessa started her criminal career years ago with petty crimes but this current string of crimes started with handcuffing her social worker to the bed. She did not want to go to foster care again. Her last experience in foster care was far from beneficial to her mental as well as her emotional health and she did not want a repeat performance. Vanessa had heard of her paternal grandmother, but had never actually met her or her father, for that matter. Before leaving town, Vanessa went to see her boyfriend Chopper, an African American gang member. She wanted to tell him that she is leaving town and to ask him to go with her. Her plans are to find her grandmother, who lives in Northern California and who does not even know Vanessa exists. Vanessa dreams of a great life with her grandmother, but doesnt even know if the grandmother is still alive or living in the same mobile park. When the car she is driving breaks down on the freeway and leaves her stranded, the person, who stops to help Vanessa, is Bob Wolverton, a counselor at a school for troubled boys. He talks Vanessa into accepting a ride from him and revealing intimate details of her life. When she realizes Bob is getting sexually excited as he learns the details about her molestation and rape by her stepfather, Vanessa gets mad and wants out of the car. Bob has removed the door handle from the passenger side door and Vanessa cannot get out the car. Vanessa realizes that Bob is the I-5 Killer, she heard about early in the afternoon on the Channel 5 news. Bob orders Vanessa to strip off her clothes. Vanessa says that she cannot get her pants off because of her boots. Bob allows Vanessa the freedom to get into the back seat to have room to remove her boots and pants. Once in the back seat, Vanessa pulls out a gun, the one her boyfriend gave her, orders Bob to pull off the next exit. She then asks him if he believes in God. When he says that he does, she orders him out of the car and shoots him in the head. She then vomits and shoots him three more times. Thinking that Bob is dead, Vanessa takes his money, credit cards, and car keys. Vanessa leaves Bob for dead and continues on her trip to her grandmothers house. After a while, she is hungry and she stops at a little truck stop style cafà © to get something to eat. When she walks into the cafà ©, she has blood on her hands from Bob and frightens the server. Vanessa goes to the bathroom to clean up and then she eats her meal. Immediately upon leaving the cafà ©, Vanessa is arrested for the attempted murder of Bob Wolverton. At the police station, a couple of police officers question Vanessa. Vanessa admits to shooting Bob Wolverton. She is cooperative and shocked that he did not die. She tells the police officers that Bob is the I-5 Killer, but they do not believe her. The police officers list her long list of petty crimes and tell her that Bob is a well-respected citizen with no prior criminal record or mental health issues. One of the officers starts teasing her and Vanessa becomes violent and starts hitting him, all the while spouting racial slurs at him. She is taken away in handcuffs and placed in a holding cell until her arraignment. Vanessa refuses to show remorse for her actions at her arraignment, insisting that Bob is the I-5 Killer. Vanessa makes fun of Bob because he has physical disabilities from the shooting and taunts him about his colostomy bag. The judge orders Vanessa out of the courtroom, no one acknowledging that Bob admitted he is the I-5 killer. She is placed in juvenile detention until psychological evaluations can be done. These evaluations are to determine her status of either an adult offender or juvenile delinquent. Juvenile delinquent status would be considered if it is felt she can she be rehabilitated otherwise she will be tried as an adult, if her mental capacity allows. Vanessa becomes friends with a drug-addicted lesbian and then confronted by the toughest girl in the pris on, Mesquita. Before Mesquita has a chance to hurt Vanessa, Vanessa beats her to a pulp, an act for which Vanessa receives solitary confinement. One of the police officers, who was assaulted by Vanessa, has a gut feeling there was more to the story than he had gotten from either Vanessa or from Bob Wolverton. He returns to her hometown to find out more about Vanessas home life. He was surprised to find Vanessas boyfriend was an African American, which was interesting to him considering the racial slurs she had spouted at him. Upon returning to the crime scene, he found previously overlooked evidence collaborating Vanessas version of the crimes. While in solitary confinement, Vanessa constructs a shiv from a toothbrush, plastic wrap, and a lighter, a skill learned from her stepfather. After returning from solitary confinement, Vanessa learns the psychologists feel she would not be a suitable candidate for rehabilitation, so she will stand trial as an adult. She also sees Bob and his wife on television and is disgusted they have been elevated to celebrity status and praised for the way they have persevered in the face of the shooting by Vanessa Lutz. Vanessa, Mesquita, and a pair of twin girls plan to escape from prison. The opportunity presents itself while the group is being transported in a van to the state prison. Vanessa and Mesquita use the shiv to kill one guard and seriously injure the other. They steal the van and then find Mesquitas boyfriend, where Vanessa is given a fake ID, clothes, and a gun. Vanessa and Mesquita share of moment of sisterhood, where Mesquita explains why she tried to intimidate Vanessa the first day she was in juvenile detention. Mesquita said that she had wanted Vanessa to put out for her and Vanessa states that she would put out for her any day. They share the joke and go their separate ways. The police officers finally conclude Vanessa was telling the truth about Bob Wolverton being the I-5 killer. They obtain a search warrant for Bobs house and the small shed in the backyard. In the shed, they find his stash of child pornography, sex toys, and trophies from his victims is found. When confronted with some of the items, Bobs wife, Mimi, realizes that her husband is a serial murderer and runs upstairs to commit suicide. Bob returns home from physical therapy to find his house surrounded by police cars, so he drives off to avoid capture. Using the clothes, she received from Mesquita, Vanessa poses as a hooker and lures a john into a back alley. Vanessa robs the john, forces him into the trunk of his car, and drives to where she thinks her grandmother lives. As luck would have it, the police officers realize where Vanessa might be going and decide to drive to her grandmothers mobile home as well. Upon arriving at her grandmothers home, Bob is dressed as Vanessas grandmother and is lying in bed waiting on Vanessa to arrive. Just like the wolf in the Little Red Riding Hood fairytale, Bob has killed Vanessas grandmother and waiting to devour Vanessa. They struggle with each other, firing a gun in the tussle. Vanessa manages to strangle Bob and emerges victorious in the battle for her life from the mobile home. The first words out of her mouth to the officers were, Yall got a cigarette? (Bright, 1996). Freeway, the movie, was directed and produced by Matthew Bright in 1996. What causes Juvenile Delinquency? Introduction Juvenile delinquency has increased thirty-three percent over the last decade (Loeber, Farrington, Petechuk, 2003) Human beings are unique and multifaceted creatures. Human offspring are just as multifaceted and as resilient as they are different. While scientist do not know why or how the individual personalities are formed, every person has a different personality and handles lifes situations in a distinct individualized manner. The movie, Freeway, depicts one of the worst living situations in which a young person can be reared (Bright, 1996). The events in the movie explain one possible outcome of a child raised in the ghetto area of a town. In an attempt to understand more thoroughly the young people who become juvenile delinquents, the individual, family, cultural and medias influence on children will be examined. Causes of Delinquency Delinquency is defined as an antisocial or illegal behavior or acts in violation of the law, which pertains to adults as well as young people (Encarta Dictionary: English (North America), 2007). Juvenile delinquency is  conduct by a juvenile characterized by antisocial behavior that is beyond parental control and therefore subject to legal action (Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, 2010). Some behaviors such as drinking alcohol are not deviant as long as the person doing the drinking is older than twenty-one years of age. A status offender is a juvenile, usually under the age of eighteen, which does something like smoking before the legal age to be able to participate in the particular activity. In other countries, something that is seen as deviant or delinquent in the United States may or may not be seen as deviant, but more of the norm of the country. In the United States, delinquency is determined differently in each individual state. For instance, North Carolina considers a six year old who commits a crime to be a juvenile delinquent, where a many states do not have a legally defined age to be classified as a juvenile delinquent. Risk factors are numerous depending upon the age of the child when the symptoms for delinquent behavior begins (Loeber, Farrington, Petechuk, 2003). Individual Aspects The psychological development of a child is personal and individualized to each child. A childs behavior is influence by his/her genetic, emotional, cognitive, physical, and social aspects. A person cannot help the genes, which he/she is born with, just as they cannot control the ability to learn. Young people, who are behind others of the same age academically, have been proven prone to criminal behavior. It is thought the less intelligent a person is, the more likely to commit crime he or she will be. There are many other factors, which influence a young person to be deviant or not to be deviant. This failure to express themselves appropriately causes anger and frustration to build. Many times, anger leads to depression or can lead to other more severe forms of mental illness (Mullis, Cornille, Mullis, Huber, 2004). One disorder, which could indicate the possible beginnings to juvenile delinquency, is oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Oppositional defiant disorder is defined as a psychological disorder in childhood and adolescence characterized by excessive oppositional to tendencies to refuse requests from parents and others (Nevid, Rathus, Greene, 2008). Once a child adds to his/her defiance stealing, truancy and/or even rape, the child is considered to have Conduct Disorder (CD). Conduct Disorder is defined as a psychological disorder in childhood and adolescence characterized by disruptive, antisocial behavior (Nevid, Rathus, Greene, 2008). Antisocial behavior is inheritable (Nevid, Rathus, Greene, 2008). Antisocial behaviors is when a individual does not want to be around others, with draws from physical contact and does not behavior appropriate for the situation. Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASP) is defined as has been linked to a defect in a persons frontal lobes in a study of children who had committed deviant acts. (Wallace, Hesselbrock, Bauer, 2006). ASP is the mental illness linked with serial killers such as Jeffery Dahmer and Ted Bundy. An individual early in life usually displays symptoms of ASP, but the true manifestation is in the teen years. A problem some may over look as a predictor of future delinquency is sleeping problems as a child. If a child does not receive adequate sleep during his/her formative years, cognitive as well as neuropsychological problems may appear during adolescence (Gregory, Caspi, Moffitt, Poulton, 2009). When a child does not get adequate sleep, behavioral problems emerge as a symptoms that something is wrong. Cognitive and brain development depend upon getting enough sleep as well as enough good sleep. Good sleep is defined as sleep that includes several cycles of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. REM sleep is important for the processing of memories as well as a time for the body to rejuvenate itself. Short-term memory is converted into long-term memory during the REM sleep cycles. A person cycles through four stages of sleep, which takes approximately ninety minutes per cycle. REM sleep happens at the end of the fourth cycle and gets progressively longer as the night goes on. Dreaming occurs during REM sleep. Many times dreams are a way for our minds to process the days events and to sort through the emotions that a person has had. REM is also the time in which the body is in a coma like state so that most of the blood flow is concentrated in the bodys core and head. It is a time for the muscles to relax and rejuvenate. A child without adequate sleep is a child without adequate cognitive function, which may influence his/her emotional and psychological health in the future and lead to delinquent behavior (Catrett, Gaultney, 2009). Attention Deficient Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a behavior disorder characterized by excessive motor activity and n ability to focus ones attention. The child is described as having ants in his/her pants, but cannot keep his/her mind on the subject at hand. The other element to ADHD is impulsivity. The child cannot make rational decisions due to the need to move and forgetting what is going on around him/her. These symptoms begin at an early age, sometimes as young as six or seven. Medications to combat the symptoms of ADHD can cause a child become zombie like. Vanessa, in the movie Freeway, may have been diagnosed with ADHD because of her inability to behave while in class at the beginning of the movie (Bright, 1996). This inability to be able to concentrate can lead to decrease intelligence if not caught in its early stages. Family Aspects As portrayed in the movie Freeway, children who grow up in a violent, drug-infested home do not learn the correct manner in which to express themselves or the extent of their actions has on their future. Children model their parents. If parents are doing deviant behaviors, child do not perceive anything wrong with doing the same behaviors. Just as Vanessa saw her mother working the streets in order to get money for the family, Vanessa posed as a streetwalker in order to be able to go to her grandmothers at the end of the movie. She learned how to make a shiv from her stepfather in order to escape from prison. Sometimes children have good parents, but still go astray from social norms. Family is important in forming a childs character. A child needs responsibilities, duties, and close family relationships as well as some privileges. Communication in a family is very important as well. Children notice the tension in a family no matter the cause and open communication is paramount to stop the children from blaming themselves for it. Parents want their children to talk to them about any problems that may arise, but often do not feel the need to allow the children to be information about family situations that affect the children. Children who do not have adequate parental supervision are more likely to be party to criminal activity. Single mothers working can be stressful for the entire family, because she is responsible for all the chores, childcare, discipline, and financial success in the home. Being a parent is hard enough when a couple shares the responsibility, doing an adequate job alone is nearly impossible. The more siblings a child has the less individual attention the child will receive from his/her parents. As a society, we spend less time with our offspring than most any other generation in history. Divorce has become an epidemic and many women are single mothers by choice more than ever before. Most children do not have a father in the home. Almost of as many children, do not even know who their father is or never see them on a regular basis. Women want to have it all, career, children, and freedom. The family unit appears to play the most important role in preventing as well as causing juvenile delinquency. A child that has been sexually abused is more likely to run away than any other child (Widom, 1996). This sexually abused child runs away thinking he/she will have a better life away from the abuser, but more often than not, the runaway becomes a prostitute to survive (Widom, 1996). Sexual abuse, physical abuse, and neglect are three ways that a family can assist a child into becoming a juvenile delinquent. A person is more likely to be abused by a loved one or someone know to the person than by any other group of people (Thio, 2010). Poor families struggle to put food on the table and many times children feel neglected or that the plight of the family is their fault. Doing without the necessities makes a child want the things he/she does not have, which can lead to shoplifting and other such deviant acts. Poverty in this great nation is rampant. We are the greatest nation on this earth and yet we have children that are going hungry and in need of clothing. The cheap food is not the healthiest of choices in most cases. Money worries cause many families to separate in order to receive assistance from the government. Divorce is often a cause for children to become deviant. Peer Aspects Peer pressure has long been seen as a reason for deviant behavior in children. Groupthink is where adults as well as young people seem to lose their ability to speak or act in the correct manner the more people are in the group. The term coined by social psychologist Irving Janis (1972), occurs when a group makes faulty decisions because group pressures lead to a deterioration of mental efficiency, reality testing, and moral judgment(Coon Mitter, 2010). Conforming to the crowd and acting as a whole instead as the sum of many parts is what happens to when young people give in to peer pressure. Peer pressure is one of the hardest delinquencies to avoid. Children with physical and learning disabilities are often taunted, which can often lead to anger. Young people, who are behind others of the same age academically, are prone to criminal behavior. It is thought the less intelligent a person is, the more likely to commit crime he or she will be. Cognitive function is necessary to rationally think about the consequences in situations and realize what will happen if you are caught doing a bad deed. Sleep quality has been linked to obesity in a chicken and the egg type scenario. Some say obesity is caused by a lack of sleep quality and other say the lack of sleep quality causes an increase in obesity. Obesity can be a reason for a teenager or adolescent to buckle under peer pressure to fit in with the group and participate in delinquent activities. Young people who are obese have a higher rate of depression, which can lead some to a feeling of helplessness (News to use, 2003). Helplessness can result in deliqency because the child doesnt feel that anything he/she does is worth while any way. Obesity has increased rapidly and some even call it an epidemic. President Obama signed a bill into law giving the United States Department of Agriculture the to set standards for public school lunches in order to combat obesity (Jalonick, 2010). Evidence has shown children are heavier now than at any other time in the history of the United States. The chart below is a little old, but it sho ws that in 2002, obesity was approximately sixteen percent in both children and adolescences. (Buggey, T. (2007). Social and Community Factors Teachers have to worry about their jobs, because of the No Child Left Behind policies. If students are not able to pass a certain percentage of test questions, the school will find teachers, who can make the students pass. The United States Government is mandating every one must pass in order for the teacher to keep her job. This is a lot of pressure on the teachers, who then pass the pressure on to the students. Some students arent able to handle the pressure and drop out of school. School dropouts cannot get a drivers license in many states until age eighteen. Many states do not allow dropouts to work, so getting into trouble is what is available to these young people. The teenagers are not in school, working or doing anything productive with their lives. Some have joined gangs as way of fitting in and having some status they have not otherwise achieved. Chopper, Vanessas boyfriend in the Freeway movie, was a member of a gang. She did not see anything odd about him being in a gang, it was just a way of life for her and him. Teenagers, who are loners, in recent years started committing crimes at their schools. Columbine High School shooting is a prime example of the dangers juvenile delinquents can participate in. They have nothing to live for and just want to have some excitement. Video games have taken over the children in this country. A child can play war games, running from law enforcement as well as shooting games. Their minds are not developed to be able to separate fact from fiction and many times, they think the person will stand back up if they shoot them. Teenagers working while in school has been encouraged throughout the last few decades. Currently, working teenagers have disposable income, which affords them the opportunity to commit deviant acts. The teenagers are more likely to smoke, drive recklessly, and engage in other deviant behaviors when they work while going to school (Thio, 2010). There is more of an opportunity to lie to parents and have time with other people the same age or older in order to commit these deviant acts. Music such as Rap has been blamed for violence, crime, and juvenile delinquency among black as well as other populations of youth. (Mahiri Conner, 2003). Television shows such as Jerry Springer have done more damage to Americas youth by exposing them to the most deviant and sexually explicit material than ever before in history. Our collective values have declined since the 1950s in the United States. Conclusion An increase of in the number of juvenile delinquents has been observed. A thirty-three percent increase has been noted in the last decade (Loeber, Farrington, Petechuk, 2003). Gangs are more prevalent in local cities than ever before. Drug related crimes are increasing. Violence depicted in movies such as Freeway, is common place to our young people. Schools need to have in place programs to help alleviate some of the baby sitting that is done by teachers. As a country, we need to stop worrying about everyone else around the world and take care of our children. Studies have been done to determine why we have so many juvenile delinquents and we need to so something to stop the progression. Deviant acts leads to juvenile delinquents as well as other criminals. Our young people need to be taught the importance of staying in school as well as a criminal record can follow them for the rest of their lives. Babies should come home with parents who have had parenting classes as well as CPR and first aid classes. Changes need to be made in our country to insure our most valuable resource is protected and taken care of properly.